R&D intensity, 2021(%, based on gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) relative to gross domestic product (GDP), by NUTS 2 regions) Administrative boundaries: © EuroGeographics © UN–FAO © Turkstat Cartography: Eurostat – IMAGE, 09/2024 Note: the Netherlands, NUTS level 1. Denmark, Norway and Switzerland: nationaldata. North Macedonia: 2022.Source: Eurostat (online data code: rd_e_gerdreg)EU = 2.27 ≥ 3.30 2.20 – < 3.30 1.40 – < 2.20 0.85 – < 1.40 0.45 – < 0.85 < 0.45 Data not available Liechtenstein Liechtenstein