Participation in tertiary education

The number of people enrolling in tertiary education across the EU has risen in recent decades, reflecting several factors, such as

  • demographic patterns
  • changes in labour force participation (particularly for women)
  • increased demand from employers for tertiary education qualifications (for jobs that previously required a secondary level of education)
  • an increased awareness of the benefits of tertiary education
  • access to student finance, scholarships and other benefits
  • different patterns of learning mobility (within and from outside of the EU)
  • an increased demand for longer tertiary education (such as the extension from a bachelor’s degree to master’s or doctoral (PhD) studies)
  • an increasing share of adults participating in lifelong learning.


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Map 1: Participation rates in early childhood education
(by NUTS 2 regions, 2023)
Source: Eurostat (educ_uoe_enra22)


Participation in tertiary education

The number of people enrolling in tertiary education across the EU has risen in recent decades, reflecting several factors, such as

  • demographic patterns
  • changes in labour force participation (particularly for women)
  • increased demand from employers for tertiary education qualifications (for jobs that previously required a secondary level of education)
  • an increased awareness of the benefits of tertiary education
  • access to student finance, scholarships and other benefits
  • different patterns of learning mobility (within and from outside of the EU)
  • an increased demand for longer tertiary education (such as the extension from a bachelor’s degree to master’s or doctoral (PhD) studies)
  • an increasing share of adults participating in lifelong learning.