Expenditures on research and development (R&D) for a statistical unit can be measured in three complementary ways:
Nevertheless, the basic measure for R&D expenditure is the "intramural expenditures", which are all expenditures for R&D performed within a statistical unit or sector of the economy, whatever the source of funds.
Related concepts
- Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD)
- R&D expenditure by source of funds
- R&D input
- R&D intramural expenditure
Statistical data
Source
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), "Frascati Manual 2002: The measurement of scientific and technological activities - Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development", OECD, Paris, 2002 - pdf